non-focus marking particle of actor or goal complements or noun phrases. Kinain ng bata ang kendi. The child ate the candy. part. possessive marker, common noun marker which marks a possessive construction. Direktor ng sine. Director of the movie -ng lig. variant of na nga' adv. affirmative adverb "indeed". Siya nga ang duwag. He is indeed the coward.
2. kaya' conj. perhaps, maybe, so, that's why, therefore. Kaya ako naparito... I have come here so that.... Kaya siya... That's why... mod. perchance, perhaps, might, expresses doubt or possibility of choice). Ano kaya ang iniutos mo sa kanya? What perchance did you order him to do?. Baka kaya nawala siya. He might have gotten lost.
