3. to buoy up, to hold up or keep from sinking: magpalutang, lumutang, palutangin
ni
part.
singular non-focus marker of proper nouns or names mkr. a proper noun (name) marker, used before the actor of goal-focused sentences. Binili ni Luisa ang damit. The dress was bought by Luisa. part. possessive marker. Iyan ang bahay ni Luisa. That is Luisa's house.
na
adv.
1. now, already. Ako na. It's my turn to do it now or I'll do it instead of someone else.
2. after nouns or pronouns: acts as an emphatic marker. Bukas na. Let it be tomorrow. Si Maria na. Let it be Maria's turn.
3. after verbs: if in the past tense form, denotes completion of action expressible in the past or present perfect in English. Nagsipilyo na siya. He has already brushed (his teeth).
4. if in the infinitive form or future form, denotes now, right away, immediately, soon. Magsipilyo ka na. Brush (your teeth) now. Papasok na ako. I'm going to school now.
5. If after the verb roots, denotes completed action. Bukas na. It's already open. Tapos na. It's already finished. na lig. connects modifier and word modified, takes the form -ng when the word it follows ends in a vowel sound. Mabait na bata or Batang mabait. Good child. na part. with sa/kay, marks nouns indicating position, location, possession of something; -ng when the word it follows ends in a vowel sound
o
conj.
alternate marker, or. Matanda ba siya o bata? Is he old or young? part. used either as a sentence opener or closer which means "now, see, please, ok"
ang
mkr.
definite article similar to "the" that marks the topic of the sentence, focus marker, topic marker
naman
part.
response marker, also, too, rather, again, on the other hand usually emphasizing the fact or the feeling involved in the expression; expresses transition to another subject hence also mild contrast. Habang si Juana ay nagluluto si Juan naman ay naglilinis ng bahay. While Juana is cooking, Juan cleans the house. Ano ka ba namang tao? What sort of person are you, anyway? adv. also, too intj. expression of gentle protest or denial
baga
n.
1. baga embers, glowing coal
2. baga'
n.
lung baga adv. emphatic marker, throws more stress on the interrogation. Ikaw baga ay nagasawa? Did you (ever) get married? conj. (+man) although
ng
mkr.
non-focus marking particle of actor or goal complements or noun phrases. Kinain ng bata ang kendi. The child ate the candy. part. possessive marker, common noun marker which marks a possessive construction. Direktor ng sine. Director of the movie -ng lig. variant of na nga' adv. affirmative adverb "indeed". Siya nga ang duwag. He is indeed the coward.
nina
mkr.
plural form of ni, the proper noun (name) marker
para
adv.
1. para, like that of, in the manner of
2. para conj. so that, in order to prep. for, to, till. Menos singko para alas tres. Five minutes before three o'clock.
3. para part. non-focus benefactive phrase marker. Para sa iyo ang regalo. The gift is for you. para mkr. for, with sa benefactive noun phrase marker, with kay/kina used before proper nouns (names)
4.) para! Sp intj. stop! parahin (-in)
v.
to stop (a vehicle). Parahin mo ang bus. Stop the bus. ipara (i-)
v.
to cause a vehicle to stop. Ipara mo ang kotse. (You) stop the car.
kina
part.
plural sa-proper noun marker, for
kay
part.
singular sa proper noun marker, also marks possession, the pluralform is kina, to, from, for kaysa conj. than, more than. Matamis kaysa asukal. Sweeter than sugar.
ba
part.
question marker, expressive of interrogation in yes or no questions. Mayroon ba silang ginawa? Have they done anything?
sina
mkr.
plural focus marker of
sa
mkr.
location or direction marker, to, from, in, on, etc sa part. non-focus locative phrase marker
awto
n.
car, automobile [syn. kotse] ay part. connects the topic of the sentence and the predicate when the sentence is given in the reverse order; sentence inversion marker. Siya ay umalis. He left.
